UK appoints tsar to tackle ‘anti‑Muslim hostility’ amid rising hate crimes

The United Kingdom has adopted a new non‑statutory definition of “anti‑Muslim hostility” aimed at helping authorities and institutions better identify and respond to abuse targeting Muslims or those perceived to be Muslim, as part of a wider social cohesion strategy unveiled in the House of Commons on Monday. Communities Secretary Steve Reed said the guidance will help tackle “unacceptable prejudice, discrimination and hatred,” while also safeguarding freedom of speech and ensuring lawful debate about religion remains protected.

The definition describes anti‑Muslim hostility as intentionally engaging in or encouraging criminal acts — including violence, harassment, intimidation and vandalism — directed at Muslims or perceived Muslims, as well as prejudicial stereotyping and discriminatory practices intended to disadvantage them. Reed pledged the government will also appoint an anti‑Muslim hostility tsar to guide implementation and consult with local government, schools, universities, broadcasters and the NHS to ensure consistent use.

Government data shows that hate crimes against Muslims reached record levels in the year ending March 2025, with nearly 4,500 religiously motivated offences in England and Wales — almost half of all such crimes — and Muslims experiencing the second‑highest hate crime rate after Jewish communities.

Despite broad support from some Muslim, Jewish and humanist groups as a step toward clearer institutional responses, the definition has attracted sharp criticism. Legal experts and civil liberties advocates warn its wording is too vague and could lead to self‑censorship by organisations unsure how to apply it, especially without clear practical examples. Critics also argue the measure risks blurring the line between hate and legitimate criticism , potentially acting as a de facto “blasphemy law” by deterring open debate about Islamist extremism and religious ideas.

Some community leaders contend the government diluted earlier proposals by replacing the term “Islamophobia” with “anti‑Muslim hostility” under political pressure, reducing community buy-in and weakening recognition of longstanding prejudice.

Reed and ministers stress that the definition does not change the law and that existing protections under the UK’s Equality Act remain in place, while additional guidance and examples will be developed to help sectors apply the guidance responsibly.