SC directs HCs to report pending acid attack trials, calls 16-year delay a National Shame

The Supreme Court on Thursday directed all high courts to submit details of pending acid attack trials across the country within four weeks, terming the 16-year delay in survivor Shaheen Malik’s trial as a “national shame.” The bench, comprising Chief Justice Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi, also issued notices to the Centre and the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities on Malik’s PIL.

Regarding her case, pending since 2009 in a Rohini Court, the bench said: “What a mockery of the legal system! This is such a shame. If the national capital cannot handle this, then who will? This is national shame.” The Court urged the Centre to consider amending the law to classify acid attack survivors as persons with disabilities, ensuring access to welfare schemes. The bench indicated it may even take suo motu cognisance to expedite justice.

Under IPC Sections 326A and 326B, acid attacks are treated as severe criminal offenses. Section 326A punishes causing permanent or partial disfigurement via acid with 10 years to life imprisonment plus fine, while Section 326B punishes attempts to throw or administer acid with 5 to 7 years imprisonment plus fine. Despite strict laws, enforcement delays have led to prolonged trials, as highlighted in Malik’s case.

Globally, developed countries like the UK, USA, and Australia treat acid attacks as grievous assault, with perpetrators facing 10–15 years imprisonment and victims receiving compensation. In Bangladesh, fast-track courts and strict penalties, including life imprisonment or death in severe cases, have significantly reduced acid attacks.

According to the National Crime Records Bureau (2023), India recorded 207 acid-attack cases nationwide (2022: 202 cases). West Bengal reported 57 cases, Uttar Pradesh 31, and Delhi 7. Over 700 cases remain pending trial, highlighting the urgent need for fast-track courts and better enforcement.

The Supreme Court’s order signals a renewed focus on swift justice, victim welfare, and stricter law enforcement, with experts recommending special courts to prevent further delays and ensure timely relief for survivors.