Nuclear Power’s Big Comeback? UN Agency Predicts Massive Growth by 2060

Global nuclear power capacity could more than triple by 2060 as the artificial intelligence boom, rising electricity consumption and the search for reliable, low-carbon energy accelerate the shift towards nuclear power, the head of the United Nations’ nuclear watchdog has said.

Rafael Grossi, director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), said nuclear energy was gaining importance as countries sought to strengthen energy security and reduce carbon emissions. In the agency’s annual report to the UN General Assembly, he highlighted the growing electricity needs of AI-powered data centres and technology companies’ demand for dependable, carbon-free power.

In 2025, more than 400 nuclear reactors across over 30 countries generated around 10% of global electricity and a quarter of its low-carbon electricity, Grossi said. More than 60 additional reactors are under construction, reflecting a sharp upward shift in projections for future nuclear capacity.

The United States remains the world’s largest nuclear electricity producer, while China is driving much of the sector’s expansion through an ambitious construction programme. France relies heavily on nuclear power, while Russia and South Korea are major players in reactor technology. India is also pursuing an ambitious expansion, targeting 100 gigawatts of nuclear capacity by 2047.

However, the expansion brings challenges, including high investment costs, lengthy construction periods and the need for strict safety oversight.

Grossi warned that nuclear security risks remained serious. He urged renewed diplomatic efforts over Iran’s nuclear programme, stressing the need for international inspectors to return and verify compliance with any agreement. He also raised concerns over North Korea’s expanding nuclear programme.

In Ukraine, the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant continues to face threats from power disruptions and military activity. Grossi also reported progress in clarifying questions surrounding Syria’s past nuclear activities.

As countries turn to nuclear energy to meet growing electricity demand while limiting emissions, the challenge will be to expand its benefits without compromising nuclear safety or international security.