Merz concludes landmark China visit as Germany seeks deeper partnership despite differences

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz concluded a landmark two-day visit to China on Thursday, underscoring Berlin’s commitment to deepening ties with Beijing despite persistent economic and geopolitical differences. The visit included high-level meetings with President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Qiang , as well as stops in Hangzhou to meet with leading Chinese companies.

At the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, Xi called for strengthened strategic communication, mutual trust, and collaboration between the two major economies. He emphasized the importance of joint responsibility in global governance and multilateralism. Merz stressed Germany’s adherence to the one-China policy and highlighted the need for open dialogue and regular bilateral consultations to manage differences.

Economic issues dominated the agenda. With China having surpassed the United States as Germany’s largest trading partner, bilateral trade reached roughly €250 billion , but Germany’s widening trade deficit and concerns over industrial overcapacity —particularly in electric vehicles and renewable energy—remain points of contention. Merz encouraged fair market access, reduced barriers for German companies, and increased purchases of high-quality German goods .

The visit also addressed technology and supply-chain security. Discussions included export-control frameworks and rare earth elements , vital to Germany’s green-tech and automotive sectors. Corporate site visits in Hangzhou, including Unitree Robotics and Siemens Energy , highlighted potential for deeper industrial and technological cooperation .

Merz also urged China to leverage its influence to help resolve the Russia-Ukraine conflict , noting Beijing’s signals are closely watched in Moscow. China reiterated its stance on neutrality and the need for any solution to address “legitimate concerns of all parties.”

The visit concluded with agreements to enhance cooperation on climate initiatives, innovation, and trade dialogue , setting the stage for continued engagement. Analysts describe the trip as a strategic step for Germany , balancing cooperation and competition with China in a complex global landscape.