Maharashtra expands immunisation, surveillance to curb Japanese Encephalitis

Maharashtra has stepped up its preparedness against Japanese encephalitis , accelerating vaccination and preventive measures to contain the disease. Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis on Wednesday said protecting public health remains a top priority , stressing coordinated efforts across the health system.

The Chief Minister noted that while other states began immunisation during 2015-16 , Maharashtra initiated its programme later after cases emerged in parts of the Vidarbha region . Subsequent vaccination efforts, undertaken in coordination with the Centre, have helped bring case numbers close to zero .

Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral infection that affects the brain and can cause fever, seizures, neurological complications and death . It was first identified in Japan in the early 20th century, which is why it is termed “Japanese” encephalitis, though it is now found across several parts of Asia. The disease has a relatively high fatality rate, and survivors may suffer long-term neurological damage. There is no specific cure, with treatment focused on supportive care, making vaccination and mosquito control critical .

According to official data, Maharashtra has reported sporadic cases in recent years: two in 2022, five in 2023, five cases with two deaths in 2024, and seven cases with one death in 2025 . No cases have been reported till March 2026 . Districts in Vidarbha, including Nagpur, Bhandara, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli , remain the most vulnerable due to favourable mosquito breeding conditions and proximity to animal hosts.

The state has achieved 89.26% first-dose and 78.68% second-dose vaccination coverage between April 2025 and February 2026. While districts such as Dharashiv, Latur and Solapur show high uptake, Raigad, Pune and parts of Pimpri-Chinchwad lag in second-dose coverage.

Across India, the disease persists in states like Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Bihar and West Bengal , though cases have declined due to sustained immunisation efforts.

Authorities have strengthened surveillance with sentinel centres and paediatric intensive care units , alongside measures such as fogging, larval control and sanitation drives , urging citizens to ensure vaccination and seek prompt medical care.