Japan approves landmark defence policy change under PM Sanae Takaichi

In a landmark move signalling a shift in its postwar security posture, Japan on Tuesday approved new guidelines permitting the export of lethal weapons , marking one of the most significant changes to its long-standing pacifist policy. The decision by the Cabinet of Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi reportedly cleared with majority backing within the ruling coalition, though no formal public vote tally has been disclosed came shortly after she assumed office, underscoring her administration’s push to strengthen Japan’s defence capabilities and expand its role in global security cooperation.

The revised framework removes earlier restrictions that limited arms exports to non-lethal categories such as rescue, surveillance, and transport equipment. Under the new rules, Japan can now export fighter jets, missiles, and naval vessels , although such transfers will remain tightly regulated.

Chief Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara said the policy aims to “ ensure Japan’s safety and contribute to peace and stability ” amid a rapidly changing regional security environment. Exports will be restricted to 17 countries with which Japan has defence cooperation agreements and will require approval from the National Security Council. The government will also monitor the use of exported equipment. Importantly, Japan will continue to prohibit arms transfers to countries engaged in active conflict .

The move comes as Tokyo accelerates its military buildup in response to growing security challenges in the Indo-Pacific region. While defence partners such as Australia and several European nations have welcomed the decision, it has drawn criticism from China, which warned it could heighten regional tensions.

Domestically, critics argue the policy shift could erode the spirit of Japan’s pacifist constitution , adopted after its defeat in World War II, and risk entangling the country in international conflicts. The easing builds on earlier reforms, including a 2023 decision allowing Japan to export certain defence equipment and jointly develop next-generation fighter jets with partners such as the United Kingdom and Italy . Japan has also recently secured a major naval deal with Australia , highlighting its growing ambitions in the global defence market.

Long dependent on imports and domestic demand, Japan’s defence industry is now being positioned as a strategic growth sector , with increased government support for innovation, startups, and dual-use technologies.