India’s Satellite Internet Race: How Spectrum Rules Could Decide Who Launches First

India’s satellite internet rollout is awaiting a key policy decision, with Starlink, Reliance Jio Satellite Communications and Bharti-backed Eutelsat OneWeb requiring spectrum assignment and other clearances before commercial services can begin.

The Digital Communications Commission (DCC) approved key elements of the spectrum framework in September. The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) was preparing a Cabinet note on the proposal as of October 12. Cabinet approval is a key step before spectrum can be assigned to operators.

Under the proposal, satellite spectrum would be assigned administratively for an initial five-year period, with a possible two-year extension. The spectrum usage charge would be 5 per cent of adjusted gross revenue (AGR), reduced to 4 per cent for services in government-notified rural and remote areas. Operators would also pay an annual licence fee of 8 per cent of AGR.

On October 16, Starlink said it had worked with Indian regulators, industry and operators for more than five years and built dedicated systems and gateways in the country with government approvals. The company said it was ready to provide high-speed internet services in India.

The statement followed a message from Reliance Industries, which welcomed competition in satellite communications while stressing that all providers must comply with Indian laws. Reliance said Jio Satellite Communications was also awaiting regulatory clearances and that the same process applied to Indian and foreign applicants.

Eutelsat OneWeb has also said its ground network is ready. Bharti Enterprises Chairman Sunil Bharti Mittal said the company applied years ago and was ahead of Starlink in the approval queue. His statement represents the company’s position; authorities have not announced a confirmed launch order.

Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia has said Starlink, Jio Satcom and Eutelsat OneWeb have obtained satellite communications licences. However, a licence does not automatically permit commercial operations. Spectrum allocation and completion of security requirements remain necessary steps.

The proposed charges would establish the cost framework for satellite operators, including a reduced rate for services in notified areas. The launch timelines for individual providers will depend on Cabinet approval, spectrum assignment and completion of regulatory and security requirements. No common commercial launch date has been confirmed for the three companies.