India, France deepen defence ties amid broader global diversification strategy

India’s strategic defence partnership with France has been reinforced as detailed discussions were held by Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan with his French counterpart, General Fabien Mandon. Bilateral military cooperation, long-term initiatives, and joint capabilities across defence, space, and niche technologies were focused on during the virtual talks.

The implementation of the Horizon 2047 vision was emphasized, joint military exercises were boosted, defence industrial cooperation through the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative was enhanced, and collaboration in space and technological domains was deepened. Commitment to counter-terrorism efforts and the expansion of defence cooperation for Indo-Pacific security was reaffirmed by both leaders, according to a statement issued by the Headquarters, Integrated Defence Staff.

The dialogue was conducted at a time when India’s defence imports and partnerships with multiple countries are being diversified, reducing dependence on any single supplier. France remains a key partner in this strategy, with multiple collaborations, including the ongoing 8th edition of the bilateral air exercise Garuda 25, being engaged in. The exercise, held at Mont-de-Marsan from November 16-27, involves Su-30MKI fighter aircraft of the Indian Air Force (IAF) being operated alongside the French Air and Space Force (FASF), with airlift and refuelling support being provided by C-17 Globemaster III aircraft and IL-78 air-to-air tankers.

During Garuda 25, complex simulated air combat scenarios, including air-to-air combat, air defence, and joint strike operations, are being participated in by the two Air Forces. Interoperability is aimed to be enhanced, operational tactics are being refined, and opportunities for knowledge exchange and professional interaction are being provided through the exercise.

A long history of defence collaboration has been maintained between India and France, beginning with the Mirage 2000 deal in the 1980s and later including Scorpène-class submarines, Rafale fighter jets, and joint development programmes. Over time, India’s strategic autonomy has been reinforced, and France has been viewed as a dependable high-technology defence partner.

The strategic partnership, formally launched in 1998, has been expanded to cover defence, civil nuclear cooperation, space, and a growing Indo-Pacific focus, aligning with India’s drive for diversified global defence ties.

France’s response to India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998 has been regarded as notably balanced, with concerns being expressed but harsh punitive measures largely avoided. Continued diplomatic engagement was maintained, allowing bilateral defence cooperation to remain uninterrupted and contributing to long-term stability in the relationship.