Illegal sand mining threatens Gharial habitat, SC steps in

The Supreme Court of India on Friday sounded a strong warning over rampant illegal sand mining in the National Chambal Gharial Sanctuary, calling it an “environmental crisis” that threatens fragile aquatic ecosystems and endangered species.

A bench of Justices Vikram Nath and Sandeep Mehta pulled up the governments of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh for their failure to curb illegal mining . The court directed authorities to install high-resolution, Wi-Fi-enabled CCTV cameras along routes frequently used for transporting illegally mined sand. These systems will operate under the direct supervision of district police and forest officials , ensuring real-time monitoring and enforcement.

Calling the situation alarming, the bench observed that unchecked mining has caused “ havoc ” in the sanctuary, jeopardising the survival of the critically endangered gharial, a long-snouted , crocodile-like reptile species the states are legally bound to protect. The court also ordered seizure of vehicles and machinery involved and prosecution of offenders under the law.

The directions came in a suo motu case initiated after media reports flagged widespread violations along the Chambal river.

Spanning over 5,400 square kilometres , the sanctuary is one of India’s most significant riverine ecosystems. Established in 1978, it serves as a critical refuge not only for the gharial but also for the endangered Ganges river dolphin and the rare red-crowned roof turtle.

Ecologically, the Chambal river system is known for its relatively pristine waters and low industrial pollution , making it ideal for sensitive species. Its sandy banks are vital nesting grounds , and illegal sand extraction disrupts habitats, alters river flow , and accelerates erosion , posing long-term ecological risks.

The court posted the matter for further hearing on May 11 , indicating continued judicial scrutiny.