American Swine Fever Outbreak in Chhattisgarh Triggers Culling, Raises Livestock Concerns

An outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF) has been confirmed at a private pig farm in Mudpar village, Durg district (Chhattisgarh) , prompting authorities to cull 83 pigs and enforce strict containment measures. The virus was detected after a series of unexplained pig deaths, with laboratory confirmation received on April 6. Officials swiftly declared a 1-km infected zone and a 10-km surveillance zone , restricting animal movement to prevent further spread.

Although termed “African,” the disease has been present in India since 2020 , initially reported in northeastern states such as Assam and Arunachal Pradesh . Experts believe the virus entered through cross-border transmission and wild boar movement , gradually spreading to other regions. Its continued appearance in different parts of the country suggests a lingering and difficult-to-eradicate presence .

African Swine Fever is a highly contagious viral disease affecting pigs, with mortality rates that can reach 90–100% . It spreads through direct contact, contaminated feed, equipment, and human activity , making it particularly challenging to control in areas with limited biosecurity. At present, there is no vaccine or effective treatment available globally , which leaves containment strategies heavily dependent on rapid response measures.

Following established Government of India guidelines , authorities resorted to culling infected and at-risk animals , combined with safe disposal and movement restrictions, as the only proven way to contain the virus. While global research continues to explore vaccine development, current disease management relies on early detection, strict hygiene practices, and coordinated veterinary response systems .

Pig farming remains an important part of India’s rural economy, especially in regions where pork is a primary and affordable source of protein . The sector supports small and marginal farmers due to its relatively low investment requirements, quick breeding cycles, and efficient feed conversion. However, outbreaks like ASF expose structural vulnerabilities such as poor farm-level biosecurity, limited awareness, and gaps in veterinary infrastructure .

Authorities have reiterated that ASF does not pose a threat to humans or other animal species , but its economic consequences can be severe. The loss of livestock, coupled with restrictions on movement and trade, can disrupt local livelihoods and supply chains , placing additional strain on already vulnerable farming communities.

The Chhattisgarh outbreak underscores the need for stronger surveillance, improved biosecurity practices, and sustained investment in animal health systems to reduce the risk of recurring outbreaks and protect the long-term stability of India’s livestock sector.