8% Global Share, ₹62,000 Crore Exports: India’s Seafood Trade Doubles in a Decade

India’s fisheries sector has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past decade, emerging as a vital pillar of food security , rural livelihoods , and export-led economic growth . Backed by sustained policy support and investments, the sector today supports nearly 30 million fishers and fish farmers , while generating employment across processing, logistics, and trade. With production rising steadily to nearly 200 lakh tonnes in 2024–25 , India has secured its position as the second-largest fish producer globally , contributing around 8% of the world’s output .

The sector’s economic significance is equally evident in its export performance. India’s seafood exports have more than doubled over the past decade, reaching over ₹62,000 crore in 2024–25. A diverse basket of more than 350 products is shipped to nearly 130 countries , with frozen shrimp dominating the export mix and accounting for the largest share of earnings. Other key exports include frozen fish, squid, cuttlefish, surimi-based products, and dried seafood. The United States remains the largest market in value terms, while China , the European Union , Japan , and Southeast Asian nations continue to be major destinations, reflecting India’s strong global integration.

Within India, seafood exports are concentrated in coastal states, with Andhra Pradesh emerging as the undisputed leader due to its robust aquaculture base, particularly in shrimp farming. States such as Gujarat , Kerala , Tamil Nadu , and Maharashtra also contribute significantly, supported by expanding infrastructure and access to export-oriented supply chains. Ports like Visakhapatnam have further strengthened India’s position as a key global seafood hub.

Government initiatives have played a central role in driving this growth. The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) has focused on expanding aquaculture, improving fish seed quality, strengthening cold-chain infrastructure, and promoting export-oriented species. Measures such as digital traceability systems, modern fishing harbours, and streamlined regulatory processes have improved efficiency and compliance. India has also aligned its practices with global sustainability norms, ensuring continued access to key markets through adherence to standards such as the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) and adoption of eco-friendly technologies like Turtle Excluder Devices.

Despite these achievements, the sector faces several structural challenges. A heavy reliance on shrimp exports exposes the industry to market volatility and disease risks, while gaps in cold-chain infrastructure lead to significant post-harvest losses. Compliance with stringent international standards, environmental pressures such as overfishing and climate change, and a fragmented supply chain dominated by small-scale fishers further constrain growth. Additionally, the limited share of value-added products restricts India’s ability to maximise export earnings compared to global competitors.

Addressing these challenges requires a strategic shift toward diversification, sustainability, and value addition. Expanding the cultivation of high-value species such as tuna, seabass, and crab can reduce dependence on shrimp, while investments in processing and branding can boost the share of ready-to-eat and premium seafood products. Strengthening cold-chain networks, promoting digital traceability, and enhancing certification systems will be critical for maintaining global competitiveness. Equally important is improving financial inclusion, skill development, and market access for small-scale fishers through institutional support and cooperatives.

Looking ahead, India’s fisheries sector holds immense potential to evolve into a high-value, globally competitive industry . With continued policy support, technological innovation, and sustainable practices, the sector is well-positioned to play a defining role in the country’s blue economy , balancing economic growth with environmental responsibility while securing livelihoods for millions.